Validation Case: 2D/3D Tensile Test

Explicit Dynamics Tensile Test 2D and 3D Mass Scaling

This benchmark was carried out with the explicit solver as a tensile test in both 2D and 3D. The imposed velocity is 1 m/s, intentionally exaggerated to keep the case short, and a manual mass scaling factor of 100 is introduced through the material density.

2D tensile test benchmark image.
Explicit 2D tensile test benchmark result.
3D tensile test benchmark image.
Explicit 3D tensile test benchmark result.

Model setup

  • The benchmark is solved with the explicit formulation.
  • Two versions are considered: a 2D model and a 3D model.
  • The loading is an imposed tensile velocity of 1 m/s.
  • The loading rate is intentionally high to make the benchmark computationally practical in explicit dynamics.
  • Manual mass scaling is applied with a factor of 100 by increasing the material density.

Material model

This case uses a generic aluminum material with a Hollomon plastic law and the following properties:

  • id: Solid
  • type: Hollomon
  • const: [386.796e6, 0.154]
  • density0: 27000.0
  • thermalHeatCap: 87.50
  • thermalCond: 190.0
  • youngsModulus: 68.9E9
  • poissonsRatio: 0.3
  • yieldStress0: 190.4E6

What this benchmark checks

  • Explicit tensile response under a prescribed loading speed
  • Consistency between 2D and 3D tensile simulations
  • Robustness of plastic flow with a Hollomon hardening law
  • Influence of manual mass scaling on a simple validation case

Notes for interpretation

Because the loading speed is set to 1 m/s and the density is scaled manually, this benchmark should be read as a numerical validation case for the explicit implementation rather than as a quasi-static physical test.

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